A. Such innocent questions.... Here goes.
回答：这个问题不是很专业，以下是答案。
Im going to start with the easiest question first. The horsepower available and the lowest pressure rating of any component limit the pressure setting. This means that the lowest rated component is the highest rating of the system.
我先从最简单的问题开始回答。可用的马力和任何部件的最低压力限制了压力的设置。这就意味部件的最低压力就是系统的最高压力。
The TS1011 pump is rated to 2000-psi at 4gpm but I dont know the ratings of the other components. The ability of the pump to reach the 2000-psi is controlled by the engine/motor. At full flow you need about 5.5-hp electric or 9 hp gas to get the rated pressure at the rated flow. If you can give me the following information I can tell you the potential of your system:
TS1011泵在4GPM时额定压力为2000-psi，但是我不知道其他部件的压力数。水泵能否到达2000psi受发动机控制。在最大流量时，需要5.5HP电或9HP气体来获得相应的压力。如果你能提供我以下的信息，我就能告诉你水泵系统的潜能值。
Gas or electric? 气体或电力？
Horsepower? 马力？
Motor RPM? 电动机转速？
Direct Drive or belt drive? 直接传动或带传动？
Pulley sizes if applicable. 可适用的带轮尺寸
Next question... 下一个问题
There are several factors that determine which components to use on a pressure washer. In choosing an unloader you must consider the Intended purpose, operating conditions, and additional accessories. Doing so will help ensure that the unloader will last and give you the intended results. First a basic understanding of a pressure washer is necessary.
有几个因素来决定在高压清洗机上该使用什么部件。使用减荷器的话，你就要考虑使用目的、操作条件和配件。考虑这些因素能使减荷器使用持久并达到你想要的效果。首先，有必要清楚的了解泵的基本知识。
A basic pressure washer system consists of a drive, pump, regulator/unloader, hose, gun, wand, and a nozzle. The motor and pump convert horsepower to water flow to be delivered to the nozzle. Ultimately, the pressure in the system is created at the nozzle as water is forced through the orifice, which is controlled by the unloader. The unloader regulates pressure by either sending water to the nozzle or to bypass depending on the setting of the unloader. The unloader acts as a traffic cop for the system by reacting to the system pressure and directing flow either to, or away from, the nozzle. The more water through the nozzle or the smaller the orifice the more pressure you get, conversely, less water through the nozzle or larger orifice yields lower pressure. When the trigger gun is shut off the traffic cop puts up barricades and directs the flow through the detour we call bypass. Just like drivers on the road, the water circulating in bypass heats up if it is left there too long.
一套基本的高压清洗机系统包括了驱动装置，泵，压力调节器/减荷器，软管，水枪，枪杆和喷嘴。发动机和水泵将功率转化为水的动能，将水传送至喷嘴上。最后，系统的压力就在水通过喷嘴上的孔时产生的，压力是受减荷器控制，减荷器通过将水输送至喷嘴或者根据减荷器的设置送至旁路来调节压力。减荷器就像是水泵系统的交通警察，对系统的压力的调节通过控制直流和旁通来调整。通过喷嘴的水量越大，喷射孔越小就会产生越大的压力。相反，通过喷嘴的水量越小，注孔越大就会产生越小的压力。当扳机关闭时，交警就会设置障碍并将水引流到旁路。就像路上的司机一样，在旁路循环时间和滞留时间过长，就会发热。
If the spring tension on the unloader is set low, pump pressure will be low because water is bypassing the nozzle. Increasing spring tension on the unloader will direct the flow to the nozzle and increase the operating pressure until there is no more flow to go to the nozzle. Can you guess what happens as the nozzle wears? A worn nozzle has an oversized orifice, so pressure will drop. What do you think happens if you adjust the unloader to a higher pressure setting with a worn nozzle? Remember that the unloader directs flow and that all of the flow was already going to the nozzle. In this case the operating pressure wont increase but the amount of pressure it takes for the unloader to unload (traffic cop to put up the barricade) will.
如果减荷器的弹簧张力设置的很低的话，泵压会很低，因为水会通过喷嘴。减荷器的弹簧张力能将水引流至喷嘴并提高操作压力，直至没有多余的水量流到喷嘴上。你能猜想喷嘴将会发生什么？一个损耗的喷嘴的孔径会变大，所以压力会下降。确保减荷器能把水全部引流至喷嘴处。在这种情况下，运行压力不会升高，但是减荷器的负荷会增加，减荷器需要及时卸载压力。
Look at it this way: At a low pressure setting everyone is wearing roller skates, which can change direction very easily. As you increase the pressure setting the vehicles change from roller skates to bicycles to compact cars to buses to semi-trucks to freight trains. Imagine how hard it would be to stop or redirect a freight train compared to a compact car. This is the concept of pressure spike.
请这样看待问题：当交通压力小的时候，行人就像穿溜冰鞋行走，很容易改变方向。当压力增加时，交通工具由溜冰鞋变成自行车，小型客车，巴士，中型卡车，货运车。想象一下，相对于小型客车来说，要让一辆货运车停止或改道是多么难。这就是减压的理念。
A spike of pressure occurs when the unloader shifts modes (changes the direction of the water) from spraying to bypass. The spike pressure increases with the unloader setting until it becomes so great that damage begins to occur in the system broken hoses, blown valve caps, leaking unloaders and so on. The spike pressure increases with the size of the vehicle. The pipeline is the same and the flow is the same but the roller skates have become freight trains.
当减呵器将水引至旁路时（改变水的方向），就会减荷器的压力就会高于其设定压力，如果压力太大，就会损坏泵；软管爆裂，阀盖炸开，减压器泄露等。减荷器的压力随“车辆”的体积增大而增大。管道的原理和交通原理一样，流体不变，但是交通工具由溜冰鞋变成了货运车。
Proper unloader setting allows a small amount of continuous bypass (approximately 5% of total flow) to minimize the pressure spike and compensate for nozzle wear. As the nozzle wears the 5% bypass will be redirected from bypass to the nozzle allowing for a longer operational period before pressure begins to drop. As soon as a pressure drop is noticed the nozzle should be replaced. Once an unloader is set it should never have to be adjusted again unless there are modifications done to the system.
正确的减压器设置允许少量的连续旁路（约总流量的5%）来减少减荷器压力以及补偿喷嘴磨损。喷嘴会给旁路带来5%的损失，重新将旁路引流至喷嘴，在压力开始降低前，以便于允许更长的操作时期。一旦发现压力降低，喷嘴就需要更换。减压器设置好之后，就不需要再进行调节，除非系统有所改变。
There are two main types of unloaders used on pressure washing equipment, pressure trapping and flow actuated. Pressure trapping unloaders react only to pressure in the system and give you instant pressure when you open the trigger gun. Flow actuated unloaders react to both flow and pressure and give you a gradual build in pressure sometimes referred to as a soft start.
压力清洗机使用两种类型的减压器，压力集及型和流量型。压力集及型减压器只对系统的压力作出反应，并且当你开起扳机时，就会顺势产生压力。流量式减压器对压力和流量作出反应，并会逐步增加压力；有时被称作“软启动”。
Speaking in terms of intended use (application), a pressure trapping unloader is most appropriate when you are working on very durable surfaces I.E. Metal, concrete, brick, and asphalt. The sudden burst of pressure is less likely to damage these surfaces but beware if you are working on a ladder, you can lose your balance. The flow-actuated style is appropriate for more delicate surfaces such as glass, wood, limestone, asphalt, plastic and so on. Also the soft start is better for working in precarious locations. The pressure builds gradually (over about one second) so you have a better chance to maintain you balance. I have to say that following OSHA guidelines when working in elevated locations is strongly recommended.
谈到专门的用途（应用），压力集及式减压器适用于持久耐用性表面，例如，金属，混凝土，砖块以及沥青。突然产生压力，很少有可能损害上述这些表面，但是请注意，如果你在梯子上工作就有可能失去平衡。流量式减压器适用于较为脆弱的表面，例如，玻璃，木材，石灰，沥青，塑料等。同样软启动较适合不稳定的位置。压力逐渐增加（大约超过1秒），所以你有更好的机会来维持你的平衡。我不得不说，在高位工作时，应强烈推荐OSHA 指导。
Operating conditions affect the unloader because water quality, temperature, and time in bypass effect life and reliability. The conditions effect both types of unloaders equally inasmuch as poor water quality and extended bypass will wear them both out but one type of unloader is more expensive to repair and/or replace. On average a pressure-trapping unloader is about one quarter the cost of a flow actuated to repair or replace. Another consideration is that the pressure-trapping unloader is more forgiving as it wears out. It will usually continue to operate to some degree even as it is near complete failure. Flow actuated unloaders are slightly more finicky and may cease to function if they wear too much out of tolerance.
操作条件，水质、温度、旁路温度会影响减压器生命周期和安全性。操作不良水质、旁路增加会同等程度影响两种类型的减压器，但是其中一种的减压器维修和/或更换的费用更加昂贵。一般说来，压力集及型减压器的维修/或更换的费用是流量式减压器的四分之一。另外一个考虑的问题是压力集及式减压器当其磨损时还可以工作。它经常还能在一定程度上使用一些时间，即使是接近完全失效。流量式减压器稍微麻烦一些，如果损坏严重，可能停止运行。
Finally, additional accessories such as more discharge hose, injectors, speed controllers, burners, telescoping wands and certain types of nozzles affect the unloaders differently. Pressure trapping unloaders respond to the pressure in the system. Additional accessories increase the apparent pressure and a pressure-trapping unloader will just bypass more water to regulate pressure. With a flow-actuated unloader changes to the system can effect the operation of the unloader. Any line restriction downstream of the unloader will change the Flow -actuated unloaders operating characteristics.
最后，其他配件例如更多的排放管，注射器，调速器，燃烧器，伸缩杆和各种类型的喷嘴都会不同程度地影响减压器。集及型减压器对系统压力作出反应。其他配件会增加表面压力，而且集及式减压器会通过旁路分配更多水来调节压力。流量式减压器对系统产生的变化会影响到减压器的操作。任何管路的限制将会改变流量式减压器的运行特性。
After reading this it may sound as if I am pro pressure-trapping unloaders and against flow-actuated. Actually my preference is flow actuated because it is easier on the system over-all. Pressure-trapping unloaders offer a little more reliability over flow actuated but once the system is setup correctly a flow actuated unloader is as reliable if not more so than a pressure trapping.
读了上述这些文字后，听上去我可能偏向于集及型减压器，不支持流量型。但事实上是我更偏向于流量式减压器，因为对整个系统来说更简单。压力集及型减压器更安全可靠，一旦正确设置的话。即使没有比压力集及型更可靠，流量式减压器也同样安全。
Look at the ZK7 series unloaders and the Pulsar3 unloaders both are excellent in design and operation and will provide you years of use if properly installed and maintained. .
ZK7系列减压器和Pulsar3减压器都设计出色，运行良好，如果安装维修正确的话能使用数年。
