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Introduction

This page outlines a few fundamental concepts you should find useful when working with our pumps. It covers the main pump types describes performance characteristics and factors and provides a quick look at how horsepower requirements are calculated.

这一页概括了一些基本概念,当你们使用我们的水泵时会发现是非常有用的信息。涉及了主要的泵的类型,描述了性能参数以及影响因素,并提供了如何计算输入功率的简单示例。

Types of Pumps 泵型号

Engineers describe pumps based on the kind of motion they utilize displacement mechanism cylinders, and pressure.

根据工程师的描述,泵型取决于驱动方式,排水量,运行原理,气缸以及压力。

Reciprocating pumps convert rotary motion to linear motion. Pump speed in rpm determines the pumps output volume for any given combination of cylinder bore and piston stroke.

循环泵将曲轴旋转运动转化为柱塞的直线运动。泵速转每分钟决定了任何气缸和活塞组合的排泵量。

Positive Displacement pumps are used to move liquids or compress gases. They operate on a what goes in, must come out principle.

正排量泵用于去除液体和压缩空气。他们的工作原理是“有进需有出”。

Reciprocating Positive Displacement pumps may use plungers with static seals pistons with dynamic seals or liquid diaphragms to achieve their pumping action.

往复式正排量泵可能使用带有固定密封的活塞;带有动密封的活塞;或隔膜来运行水泵。

Output may also be a function of the number of cylinders a pump possesses. Commonly, pumps will feature up to six cylinders. Terms like simplex (for one) and triplex (for three) indicate the number of cylinders a particular pump features.

若水泵具备气缸的话,排泵量也是其一项功能。一般说来,水泵会有六个气缸。“单缸”(一个)和“三缸”(三个)之类的说法,表示的是某一专门水泵所有的气缸量。

A pump increases a fluid pressure when it forces that fluid through a restriction. When the result exceeds 150 psi, it is termed high pressure.

当液体突破阻力强行前进时,液压会升高。结果会超过150psi,所谓的“高压”。

Performance Characteristics  性能参数

Crankshaft bearing life, volumetric efficiency, and inlet flow curve are three performance characteristics of practical significance in many if not most pump applications.

在绝大多数的运行实例中,曲轴的轴承的寿命,容积效率,进水曲线是具有实际意义的三大性能参数。

Crankshaft Bearing Life is a function of lubrication, speed, and load. This last factor is calculated as follows:

Plunger Area (in square inches) x Pressure (psi) = Plunger Load (in pounds)

曲轴的轴承的寿命是润滑油,泵转速和活塞负荷的函数。活塞负荷计算如下:

OR

((Plunger Diameter in inches)2 x p) x Pressure (psi) = Plunger Load (in pounds)

活塞面积(平方英尺)x压力(psi)=活塞负荷(镑)

Volumetric Efficiency compares the pumps actual output to its theoretical output. If there were no losses in the pumping system, its flow would equal:

(活塞直径(英尺)2 x p)压力(磅psi=活塞负荷(镑)

Area x Stroke x Number of Cylinders x Crankshaft Speed
                                 231 in3 /gallon
= gpm

面积*冲程*汽缸树*曲轴速度/231 in3 /加仑=GPM

 

Dividing the actual flow by the theoretical value calculated above will yield a value which, taken as a percent, indicates volumetric efficiency. Valve timing is a major factor in achieving good volumetric efficiency. This timing is affected by the relationship among poppet weight, spring rate, poppet travel distance, plunger speed, and plunger diameter.

实际流量除以理论流量得出一个数值,以百分比计,表示的即是容积效率。定时阀是实现高容积效率的一个主要因素。定时受提升阀重量,弹簧振频,提升阀阀程,活塞速度以及活塞直径的影响。

Inlet Flow Curve relates volumetric efficiency to specific inlet pressures. General Pump provides inlet flow curve charts for all its pumps, on request.

进水曲线将容积效率和特定的进水压力联系起来。Interpump根据需要将提供进水曲线图。

Horsepower Requirements 输入功率

Because different types of prime movers vary in their pumping performance capabilities, the horsepower required to achieve a given output depends on the energy source.

不同类型的驱动会导致不同的运行能力,要达到所需输入功率取决于不同的能源。

Hydraulic power is more efficient than either electric power or internal combustion.

液压驱动比电力或内燃机都有效。

Various requirements may be calculated using these relationships:

不同的输入功率应根据以下这些关系进行计算:

Hydraulic horsepower required = Pressure x Flow / 1714

液压功率需求量=压力x流量/1714

Brake horsepower (electric) required = Pressure x Flow / 1457

制动电机输入功率=压力x流量/1457

Gas engine horsepower required = Pressure x Flow / 1100

汽油机输入功率=压力x流量/1100

To learn more basic pump theory, be sure to attend one of General Pump抯 training classes. Sessions are offered throughout the year on a first-come, first-served basis and are free-of-charge to our customers!

若要了解更多关于基本的水泵理论,请务必多参加Inter Pump的培训课程。我们秉承先到先服务的宗旨,为客户提供全年免费的培训课程

 
 

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